Overview of Classification Methodology
For Determining Land
The Canada Land Inventory land use classification divided
the land into a maximum of 13 classes, based on air photo
interpretation, field surveys, and census information.
The land use information was originally compiled on maps
at a scale of 1:50,000. This information was later
generalized to a scale of 1:250,000 and land use classes
were combined where necessary to facilitate the input of
information to the computerized Geographic Information
System. Only a handful of maps were selected for
publication from that series of 1:250,000 maps.
 
The land use information is valid only for the year in
which the air photos were taken or the area was field
checked. As evidenced on the few printed maps (Montreal,
Truro,Woodstock,Winnipeg and Prince Edward Island), this
date varies from 1950 to 1970. Moreover, the date for one
map sheet can vary as it is made up of sixteen 1:50,000
sub-components which themselves could have had variable
dates. The average date of the inventory as a whole may
be considered as 1966 but there is as yet no supportive
evidence to this assumption. It may also be considered as
1961 vintage based on the evidence that the 1961 census
was utilized the separate cropland from improved pasture.
 
Some of the stated limits of the classification include:
 
The mapping does not reveal the socioeconomic factors
intimately related to use of the land, such as size of
farm unit or type of land tenure.
The mapping does not reflect degrees of productivity
within classes.
The mapping does not reveal land capability.
The last four categories (productive woodland,
unproductive woodland, swamps-marsh-or-bog, and
unproductive land) are not 'use' classes, but rather
refer to vegetative cover. 
The separation of cropland and improved pasture was
very difficult on air photos, particularly where field
sizes were small. In most cases the ratio of cropland
to improved pasture was determined from the 1961
census. In areas where extensive field work was carried
out, such as in Quebec, partial separation was done. In
the Prairie Provinces these classes were mapped
separately using air photos. 
The information has gone through two stages of
generalization. First, the information was generalized
during air photo interpretation to fit the
classification and the minimum size requirements of
the 1:50,000 maps. This information at the 1:50,000
scale to fit the size requirements and the maximum
of three land use classes per unit area for the
1:250,000 map.
 
The stated potential uses for these maps included:
as an information document for regional planning; for
this, it is best used along with the land capability
map series produced by the Canada Land Inventory. 
as a historical document presenting the use of the
land at a particular point in time. 
as an educational tool in schools and universities
Land Use Class Descriptions
Class
Title
Description
B
Built-up areas
Parks and other open spaces within built-up areas are included.
E
Mines, quarries, sand, gravel pits, and open excavations
Indicates land used for the removal of earth materials.
O
Outdoor recreation
Some examples include golf course, parks, beaches, game preserves,
and historic sites.
H
Horticulture, poultry, and fur operations
Land used for intensive cultivation of vegetables and small fruits,
includes market gardens, nurseries, flower and bulb farms and sob farms.
Large scale commercial fur and poultry farms are also included because
of their specialized agricultural nature.
G
Orchards and vineyards
Land used for the production of tree fruits, hops, and grapes.
A
Cropland
Land used for annual field crops such as grain, oilseeds, sugar beets,
tobacco, potatoes, field vegetables, associated fallow, and land being
cleared for field crops.
P
Improved pasture and forage crops
Land used for improved pasture or for the production of hay and other
cultivated fodder crops, including land being cleared for these purposes.
K
Rough grazing and rangeland
Areas of natural grasslands, sedges, herbaceous plants and abandoned
farmland whether used for grazing or not. Bushes and trees may cover
up to 25% of the areas. Intermittently wet hay lands (sloughs or
meadows) are included as long as the land is utilized. Within some
grassy open woodlands, bushes and trees may exceed 25% cover if the area
is actively grazed and no other use dominates.
T
Productive woodland
Wooded land with trees having over 25% canopy cover and being over
20 feet in height approximately. Much cutover and burned over land
is included.
U
Non-productive woodland
M
Swamp, marsh, or bog
Open wetlands except those which frequently dry up and show evidence
of grazing or hay cutting.
S
Sand, sand bars, sand flats, dunes, and beaches
Unproductive land which does not support vegetation.
L
Rock and other unvegetated surfaces
Rock barrens, badlands, alkaline flats, gravel bars, eroded river banks,
and mine tailings. Unproductive land which does not support vegetation.
Z
Water area
Subclasses
There are two major categories of subclasses. These subclasses are only valid in conjunction with land use classes for 'Cropland' (A) and ' Improved pasture and forage crops' (P).